中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (30): 4908-4914.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.30.025

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

自体富血小板血浆治疗骨关节与运动损伤疾病的机制与应用

福嘉欣,王树森
  

  1. 天津市第三中心医院骨科,天津市   300170
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-19 出版日期:2017-10-28 发布日期:2017-11-07
  • 作者简介:福嘉欣,男,1980年生,天津市人,汉族,天津医科大学在读硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科、关节外科、创伤骨科的研究。

Mechanism and application of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of joint and sports injuries

Fu Jia-xin, Wang Shu-sen
  

  1. Department of orthopedics, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
  • Received:2017-05-19 Online:2017-10-28 Published:2017-11-07
  • About author:Fu Jia-xin, Studying for master’s degree, Attending physician, Department of orthopedics, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
血小板样生长因子:是贮存于血小板α颗粒中的一种碱性蛋白质。是低分子量促细胞分裂素。能刺激停滞于G0/G1期的成纤维细胞、神经胶质细胞、平滑肌细胞等多种细胞进入分裂增殖周期。血小板衍生生长因子是于1974年发现的一种刺激结缔组织等组织细胞增长肽类调节因子,因其来源于血小板而得名,正常生理状态下存在于血小板的α颗粒内,当血液凝固时由崩解的血小板释放出来并且被激活,具有刺激特定细胞趋化与促进特定细胞生长的生物活性。此外,在组织受到损伤时巨噬细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、胚胎干细胞等也可以合成并释放血小板衍生生长因子。肝脏受损时,巨噬细胞、血小板、浸润的炎细胞、受损的内皮细胞及激活的肝星形细胞均可以分泌血小板衍生生长因子。以自分泌、旁分泌的方式发挥作用。结合的血小板衍生生长因子是相对分子质量为30 000的热稳定糖蛋白,是靠二硫键相连的A、B两条多肽链组合成的二聚体。
纤连蛋白:也称纤维连接蛋白,是1948年国外研究发现的一种高分子糖蛋白,具有多种生物学功能。纤连蛋白广泛存在于动物组织和组织液中,是一种大分子糖蛋白,相对分子质量约为450 000,具有多种生物活性。大量国内外的研究结果证明,纤连蛋白分子在进化过程中保守性很强,各种动物体液中的纤连蛋白具有非常相近的结构、性质和生物学功能,因而不同来源的纤连蛋白可以相互替代使用。
 
背景:富血小板血浆是一种自体来源的血浆制品,因其含有大量促进组织愈合和软组织再生修复的生长因子,加之获取方法简单易行,目前已广泛应用于各种运动损伤性疾病、非感染性肌腱韧带损伤、骨不连、促进骨折愈合及修复软骨的治疗中,但实际运用的效果反应不一。
目的:介绍自体富血小板血浆的病理生理学机制、制备及保存,综述自体富血小板血浆治疗骨关节与运动系统损伤性疾病的研究现状。
方法:应用计算机检索1990至2016年中国知网、万方及PubMed数据库关于自体富血小板血浆对于骨与关节损伤疾病的临床及实验室文献报道,归纳综述自体富血小板血浆治疗骨关节与运动系统损伤疾病的研究现状。
结果与结论:①自体富血小板血浆修复骨与软组织损伤的机制尚未完全明了,目前的解释仍存在大量的推理和猜测;②各类骨与关节损伤性疾病应用富血小板血浆治疗所用的剂量、疗程、给药途径及使用方法尚未完全规范,国内外均未有明确的应用指南给予参考;③自体富血小板血浆治疗骨关节与运动损伤性疾病有着广阔的应用前景,但仍处在初始探究阶段,仍需进一步观察总结来获取更多的有力证据;④国内外研究目前样本量较少,缺乏有效的对照标准,需要更加严谨的研究方法及长时间大样本的研究来得出最终的结论。

关键词: 生物材料, 材料相容性, 富血小板血浆, 骨关节疾病, 运动损伤疾病

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous plasma product that is simple and easy to be obtained, and has been widely used in a variety of sports injuries, non-infectious tendon and ligament injuries, nonunion, bone healing, and cartilage repair, because it contains a large number of growth factors that promote tissue healing and soft tissue regeneration. However, its actual effects are uncertain.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the pathophysiological mechanism, preparation and preservation of autologous platelet-rich plasma and to review the research status of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of bone and joint injuries induced by sports.
METHODS: A computer retrieval in WanFang, CNKI, and PubMed databases was performed for articles addressing clinical and laboratory reports on autologous platelet-rich plasma for diseases of bone and joint injuries published from 1990 to 2016. Then, we summarized the research status of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of bone and joint diseases and motor system damage.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism of autologous platelet-rich plasma to repair bone and soft tissue injuries is not yet fully understood, and there is still a lot of reasoning and speculation. Moreover, its dose, treatment course, administration route and method of use have not been fully standardized, and there are still no clear guidelines for its clinical use. Autologous platelet -rich plasma has a broad application prospect in the treatment of bone and joint injuries, but it is still in the initial exploratory stage, which needs further observation and summarization to get more powerful evidence. Up to now, there are few samples in the world, in the absence of effective control standards, and long-term large-sample rigorous research is required to reach the final conclusion.

Key words: Platelet-Rich Plasma, Joint Diseases, Athletic Injuries, Tissue engineering

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